Difference between revisions of "New Dallas Militia"
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{{infoBoxMilitaryCommand | {{infoBoxMilitaryCommand | ||
| − | | image = [[Image:New Dallas | + | | image = [[Image:New Dallas Flag.png|191px|Planetary Flag of New Dallas]] |
| Designation = New Dallas Militia | | Designation = New Dallas Militia | ||
| Formed = | | Formed = | ||
| Line 6: | Line 6: | ||
| Previous Designation = | | Previous Designation = | ||
| Nickname = The Rangers | | Nickname = The Rangers | ||
| − | | Affiliation = [[Star League]]<br>[[Terran Hegemony]] (previous) | + | | Affiliation = [[Star League]];<br>[[Terran Hegemony]] (previous) |
| − | | Parent Command = [[Star League Defense Force]]<br>[[Hegemony Armed Forces]] (previous) | + | | Parent Command = [[Star League Defense Force]];<br>[[Hegemony Armed Forces]] (previous) |
| Sub-Command = | | Sub-Command = | ||
}} | }} | ||
| Line 13: | Line 13: | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
=== Early History === | === Early History === | ||
| − | Formed prior to the formation of the [[Star League]], the New Dallas Militia played a part in efforts made by the government of the [[Terran Hegemony]] to gain the loyalty of the population of [[New Dallas]]. The Hegemony government favored the New Dallas Militia with preferred status for new technology, making them one of the first military units outside the [[Hegemony Armed Forces]] to receive the latest technology from the Hegemony development programs. With regular access to cutting-edge designs, the militia elected to construct a large underground bunker where older [[BattleMech]]s could be stored; this was a common occurrence during an era where 'Mechs were rare, expensive items.<ref name="TRO3075p166">''Technical Readout: 3075'', p. 166 | + | Formed prior to the formation of the [[Star League]], the New Dallas Militia played a part in efforts made by the government of the [[Terran Hegemony]] to gain the loyalty of the population of [[New Dallas]]. The Hegemony government favored the New Dallas Militia with preferred status for new technology, making them one of the first military units outside the [[Hegemony Armed Forces]] to receive the latest technology from the Hegemony development programs. With regular access to cutting-edge designs, the militia elected to construct a large underground bunker where older [[BattleMech]]s could be stored; this was a common occurrence during an era where 'Mechs were rare, expensive items.<ref name="TRO3075p166">''Technical Readout: 3075'', p. 166: "New Dallas"</ref> |
=== Star League Era === | === Star League Era === | ||
| − | During the reign of [[First Lord]] [[Richard Cameron]] the people of New Dallas and their Planetary Governor, a retired [[Star League Defense Force]] [[General]] named [[Titus Clay]], were vocal opponents of the First Lord and what they saw as his spreading network of toadies. This skeptical attitude would nearly result in the undoing of Amaris' subsequent [[Operation APOTHEOSIS]].<ref name="H:LoTV1p83+">''Historical: Liberation of Terra Volume 1'', | + | During the reign of [[First Lord]] [[Richard Cameron]] the people of New Dallas and their Planetary Governor, a retired [[Star League Defense Force]] [[General]] named [[Titus Clay]], were vocal opponents of the First Lord and what they saw as his spreading network of toadies. This skeptical attitude would nearly result in the undoing of Amaris' subsequent [[Operation APOTHEOSIS]].<ref name="H:LoTV1p83+">''Historical: Liberation of Terra Volume 1'', pp. 83–84: "New Dallas"</ref> When Cameron moved to station forces from the [[Rim Worlds Republic]] on New Dallas, both Governor Clay and the senior military officer on New Dallas, [[Major General]] [[Carlos Kataga]], objected strenuously. They neither liked nor trusted the Republican forces, an attitude echoed by the people of New Dallas. Prior to the arrival of these new garrison forces, Governor Clay mobilized the New Dallas volunteer militia, which was already a strong planetary militia by any measure, and charged them with taking responsibility for both the three [[Castle Brian|Castles Brian]] on New Dallas and a number of the local [[SLDF]] bases.<ref name="H:LoTV1p83+"/> |
=== Amaris Civil War === | === Amaris Civil War === | ||
| − | Blocked from gaining control of the planetary [[HPG]] during APOTHEOSIS, the [[154th Amaris Dragoons]] went on the rampage, destroying the HPG and battling SLDF patrols throughout Caddo City. Much of Caddo City was damaged or destroyed, including the planetary militia barracks - an action that inadvertently covered the entrance to the ancient boneyard bunker hidden under the barracks, concealing it further.<ref name=HTP:NDp5>''Historical Turning Points: New Dallas'', p. 5 | + | Blocked from gaining control of the planetary [[HPG]] during APOTHEOSIS, the [[154th Amaris Dragoons]] went on the rampage, destroying the HPG and battling SLDF patrols throughout Caddo City. Much of Caddo City was damaged or destroyed, including the planetary militia barracks - an action that inadvertently covered the entrance to the ancient boneyard bunker hidden under the barracks, concealing it further.<ref name=HTP:NDp5>''Historical Turning Points: New Dallas'', p. 5: "The Hegemony Memory Core of New Dallas"</ref> |
| − | Denied in their attempts to seize SLDF facilities and gain the element of surprise, the [[Rim Worlds Army]] units on New Dallas under the command of General [[Viktoria Benboudaoud]] launched against the New Dallas Militia and elements of the planetary infrastructure. Bolstered by irregular forces of volunteers from the local SLDF population, both active and retired, the New Dallas militia blocked these Republican attacks, as well as Republican attempts to secure control of the local [[Space Defense System]]. When Benboudaoud was forced to call in support from the Republican [[WarShip]] flotilla responsible for securing the local [[jump point]]s, the eight Republican WarShips found themselves facing an active SDS network under the control of General Kataga's forces. Dozens of drones engaged the Republican WarShips as General Kataga led his armed forces against Benboudaoud's forces on the ground<ref name="H:LoTV1p83+"/> from the cockpit of his <!--''[[Rifleman II]]'',<ref name=HTP:NDp7/>-->customized VTR-9B ''[[Victor]]''<ref name=HTPNDE>https://bg.battletech.com/forums/errata/historical-turning-points-new-dallas-29254/msg1886861/#msg1886861 Official | + | Denied in their attempts to seize SLDF facilities and gain the element of surprise, the [[Rim Worlds Army]] units on New Dallas under the command of General [[Viktoria Benboudaoud]] launched against the New Dallas Militia and elements of the planetary infrastructure. Bolstered by irregular forces of volunteers from the local SLDF population, both active and retired, the New Dallas militia blocked these Republican attacks, as well as Republican attempts to secure control of the local [[Space Defense System]]. When Benboudaoud was forced to call in support from the Republican [[WarShip]] flotilla responsible for securing the local [[jump point]]s, the eight Republican WarShips found themselves facing an active SDS network under the control of General Kataga's forces. Dozens of drones engaged the Republican WarShips as General Kataga led his armed forces against Benboudaoud's forces on the ground<ref name="H:LoTV1p83+"/> from the cockpit of his <!--''[[Rifleman II]]'',<ref name=HTP:NDp7/>-->customized VTR-9B ''[[Victor]]''<ref name=HTPNDE>''[https://bg.battletech.com/forums/errata/historical-turning-points-new-dallas-29254/msg1886861/#msg1886861 Official Errata]''</ref> with the Republicans now heavily outnumbered by the SLDF and New Dallas troops. The New Dallas forces vanquished the Republicans on both the ground and in space over the course of the next six hours, leaving New Dallas under their control, at least temporarily.<ref name="H:LoTV1p83+"/> Benboudaoud was killed in battle at the controls of her ''[[Rampage]]'', having led the bulk of her forces from their position around Fort Resolute.<ref name=HTP:NDp7>''Historical Turning Points: New Dallas'', p. 7: "Combatants"</ref> |
| − | On the 7th of January [[2767]] a second task force of Republican | + | On the 7th of January [[2767]] a second task force of Republican WarShips began an attack on New Dallas with a heavy naval engagement, with the Republican fleet of thirty Republican WarShips augmented by the captured SDS drones attacking the New Dallas SDS drones above New Dallas on the 14th of January. Republican Admiral [[Otto Idowu]] waited until his forces had destroyed the last of the SLDF SDS drones before broadcasting that the defenders of New Dallas had one day to surrender and submit to the rule of Emperor Stefan Amaris, a demand that Clay and Kataga responded to by ordering the local [[aerospace fighter]] squadrons to engage and destroy the enemy forces. Despite being heavily outnumbered and outgunned the local squadrons managed to delay the Republican attack by several hours, but when the last of the squadrons had been destroyed Admiral Idowu ordered his WarShips to begin destroying the military bases on New Dallas using orbital bombardment.<ref name="H:LoTV1p83+"/> Kataga was killed during the orbital bombardment of Fortress Goliad, remaining at the command post even as the Republican WarShips were burying the complex.<ref name=HTP:NDp7/> |
=== First Succession War === | === First Succession War === | ||
| − | The population of New Dallas had vowed to never relinquish their world to a [[Great House]], still considering themselves loyal citizens of the Hegemony despite the collapse of the Star League; recovery efforts had a long way to go, but an underground bunker which had been almost forgotten during the Amaris Civil War was recovered by the New Dallas Militia, and proved to be a storehouse of "royal-quality" equipment, including heavy weapons, 'Mechs and vehicles. The militia included many former SLDF personnel who had chosen to retire, refusing to join the [[Operation Exodus|Exodus]], and it was those ex-SLDF soldiers who piloted the advanced equipment, bringing the New Dallas Militia up to approximately three [[regiment]]s in size.<ref name="FSWp30">''First Succession War'', p. 30 | + | The population of New Dallas had vowed to never relinquish their world to a [[Great House]], still considering themselves loyal citizens of the Hegemony despite the collapse of the Star League; recovery efforts had a long way to go, but an underground bunker which had been almost forgotten during the Amaris Civil War was recovered by the New Dallas Militia, and proved to be a storehouse of "royal-quality" equipment, including heavy weapons, 'Mechs and vehicles. The militia included many former SLDF personnel who had chosen to retire, refusing to join the [[Operation Exodus|Exodus]], and it was those ex-SLDF soldiers who piloted the advanced equipment, bringing the New Dallas Militia up to approximately three [[regiment]]s in size.<ref name="FSWp30">''First Succession War'', p. 30: "New Dallas: Terran to the Final, Fiery End"</ref><ref name="TRO3075p166"/> |
| − | The Free Worlds League moved to annex New Dallas in March [[2787]], having bypassed the planet while taking a number of other nearby Hegemony systems. The [[3rd Atrean Dragoons|Third]] and [[Fifth Atrean Dragoons]] and the [[Seventh Marik Militia]] expected the capture of New Dallas to be easy, but instead found themselves facing the well-armed, well-trained and well-equipped New Dallas Militia as well as a population determined to resist. While the Third Atrean Dragoons found themselves bogged down by fierce resistance in and around Caddo City, the New Dallas Militia fought the Seventh Marik Militia throughout the Lake Galvez region, pushing the Seventh to the brink of destruction.<ref name="FSWp30"/> The Seventh had attempted to use the same landing zones that the SLDF had used during Operation CHIEFTAIN, unaware that the Militia was massing in the region due to poor intelligence gathering. The remnants of the Seventh managed to retreat to their DropShips, many of which were destroyed.<ref name=HTP:NDp5/> It was only a combat drop conducted by the Third Atrean Dragoons' Second Battalion to reinforce the Seventh's drop zone that allowed any of the Seventh to survive to retreat into their DropShips.<ref name=HTP:NDp12>''Historical Turning Points: New Dallas'', p. 12 | + | The Free Worlds League moved to annex New Dallas in March [[2787]], having bypassed the planet while taking a number of other nearby Hegemony systems. The [[3rd Atrean Dragoons|Third]] and [[Fifth Atrean Dragoons]] and the [[Seventh Marik Militia]] expected the capture of New Dallas to be easy, but instead found themselves facing the well-armed, well-trained and well-equipped New Dallas Militia as well as a population determined to resist. While the Third Atrean Dragoons found themselves bogged down by fierce resistance in and around Caddo City, the New Dallas Militia fought the Seventh Marik Militia throughout the Lake Galvez region, pushing the Seventh to the brink of destruction.<ref name="FSWp30"/> The Seventh had attempted to use the same landing zones that the SLDF had used during Operation CHIEFTAIN, unaware that the Militia was massing in the region due to poor intelligence gathering. The remnants of the Seventh managed to retreat to their DropShips, many of which were destroyed.<ref name=HTP:NDp5/> It was only a combat drop conducted by the Third Atrean Dragoons' Second Battalion to reinforce the Seventh's drop zone that allowed any of the Seventh to survive to retreat into their DropShips.<ref name=HTP:NDp12>''Historical Turning Points: New Dallas'', p. 12: "Songs of Freedom"</ref> |
| − | Shocked by the level of resistance, the commanders of the invasion force authorized the use of tactical atomics against the militia. The nuclear weapons wiped out the resistance, but also destroyed the bulk of the remaining planetary infrastructure and major population centers.<ref name="FSWp30"/> The nuclear weapons used in Caddo City nearly destroyed the boneyard bunker and former HCID memory core concealed under the remains of the militia barracks, and actually collapsed part of the bunker during the battle.<ref name=HTP:NDp5/> The bombardment of Caddo City alone saw three hundred thousand civilians killed, in exchange for destroying two battalions of the New Dallas Militia - and occurred after the Militia had surrendered in response to the broadcast threat of nuclear weapons being used. The nuclear weapons destroyed the will of the population to resist, other than diehard survivors of the Militia, who were further enraged by the callous tactics of the FWLM units and the wanton destruction they had caused.<ref name=HTP:NDp13>''Historical Turning Points: New Dallas'', p. 13 | + | Shocked by the level of resistance, the commanders of the invasion force authorized the use of tactical atomics against the militia. The nuclear weapons wiped out the resistance, but also destroyed the bulk of the remaining planetary infrastructure and major population centers.<ref name="FSWp30"/> The nuclear weapons used in Caddo City nearly destroyed the boneyard bunker and former HCID memory core concealed under the remains of the militia barracks, and actually collapsed part of the bunker during the battle.<ref name=HTP:NDp5/> The bombardment of Caddo City alone saw three hundred thousand civilians killed, in exchange for destroying two battalions of the New Dallas Militia - and occurred after the Militia had surrendered in response to the broadcast threat of nuclear weapons being used. The nuclear weapons destroyed the will of the population to resist, other than diehard survivors of the Militia, who were further enraged by the callous tactics of the FWLM units and the wanton destruction they had caused.<ref name=HTP:NDp13>''Historical Turning Points: New Dallas'', p. 13: "Beginning of the End"</ref> The surviving Militia forces constructed a fake firebase in the ruins of Fort Resolute and used it as an ambush, luring the Third Atrean Dragoons into an attack and killing those Dragoons who fell for the trick, in what proved to be the last major battle.<ref name=HTP:NDp14>''Historical Turning Points: New Dallas'', p. 14: "Ranger Justice"</ref> |
==Officers== | ==Officers== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| − | |- | + | |- |
! scope="col" width="220" style="background: #dedede;" | Rank | ! scope="col" width="220" style="background: #dedede;" | Rank | ||
! scope="col" width="220" style="background: #dedede;" | Name | ! scope="col" width="220" style="background: #dedede;" | Name | ||
| Line 41: | Line 41: | ||
| colspan="4" style="background: #efefef;" | '''Commanding Officers of the New Dallas Militia''' | | colspan="4" style="background: #efefef;" | '''Commanding Officers of the New Dallas Militia''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[General]]||[[Samuel Dinwoodie]]||[[2787]]<ref name=HTP:NDp8>''Historical Turning Points: New Dallas'', p. 8 | + | | [[General]]||[[Samuel Dinwoodie]]||[[2787]]<ref name=HTP:NDp8>''Historical Turning Points: New Dallas'', p. 8: "Combatants"</ref> |
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 64: | Line 64: | ||
==Bibliography== | ==Bibliography== | ||
| − | * ''[[First Succession War (sourcebook)]]'' | + | * ''[[First Succession War (sourcebook)|First Succession War]]'' |
* ''[[Historical: Liberation of Terra Volume 1]]'' | * ''[[Historical: Liberation of Terra Volume 1]]'' | ||
* ''[[Historical Turning Points: New Dallas]]'' | * ''[[Historical Turning Points: New Dallas]]'' | ||
* ''[[Technical Readout: 3075]]'' | * ''[[Technical Readout: 3075]]'' | ||
| + | |||
[[Category: Terran Hegemony Commands|New Dallas Militia]] | [[Category: Terran Hegemony Commands|New Dallas Militia]] | ||
[[Category:Star League Defense Force Commands|New Dallas Militia]] | [[Category:Star League Defense Force Commands|New Dallas Militia]] | ||
Latest revision as of 19:54, 12 October 2023
| |
| New Dallas Militia | |
| Disbanded | 2787 (destroyed) |
| Nickname | The Rangers |
| Affiliation | Star League; Terran Hegemony (previous) |
| Parent Command | Star League Defense Force; Hegemony Armed Forces (previous) |
Contents
History[edit]
Early History[edit]
Formed prior to the formation of the Star League, the New Dallas Militia played a part in efforts made by the government of the Terran Hegemony to gain the loyalty of the population of New Dallas. The Hegemony government favored the New Dallas Militia with preferred status for new technology, making them one of the first military units outside the Hegemony Armed Forces to receive the latest technology from the Hegemony development programs. With regular access to cutting-edge designs, the militia elected to construct a large underground bunker where older BattleMechs could be stored; this was a common occurrence during an era where 'Mechs were rare, expensive items.[1]
Star League Era[edit]
During the reign of First Lord Richard Cameron the people of New Dallas and their Planetary Governor, a retired Star League Defense Force General named Titus Clay, were vocal opponents of the First Lord and what they saw as his spreading network of toadies. This skeptical attitude would nearly result in the undoing of Amaris' subsequent Operation APOTHEOSIS.[2] When Cameron moved to station forces from the Rim Worlds Republic on New Dallas, both Governor Clay and the senior military officer on New Dallas, Major General Carlos Kataga, objected strenuously. They neither liked nor trusted the Republican forces, an attitude echoed by the people of New Dallas. Prior to the arrival of these new garrison forces, Governor Clay mobilized the New Dallas volunteer militia, which was already a strong planetary militia by any measure, and charged them with taking responsibility for both the three Castles Brian on New Dallas and a number of the local SLDF bases.[2]
Amaris Civil War[edit]
Blocked from gaining control of the planetary HPG during APOTHEOSIS, the 154th Amaris Dragoons went on the rampage, destroying the HPG and battling SLDF patrols throughout Caddo City. Much of Caddo City was damaged or destroyed, including the planetary militia barracks - an action that inadvertently covered the entrance to the ancient boneyard bunker hidden under the barracks, concealing it further.[3]
Denied in their attempts to seize SLDF facilities and gain the element of surprise, the Rim Worlds Army units on New Dallas under the command of General Viktoria Benboudaoud launched against the New Dallas Militia and elements of the planetary infrastructure. Bolstered by irregular forces of volunteers from the local SLDF population, both active and retired, the New Dallas militia blocked these Republican attacks, as well as Republican attempts to secure control of the local Space Defense System. When Benboudaoud was forced to call in support from the Republican WarShip flotilla responsible for securing the local jump points, the eight Republican WarShips found themselves facing an active SDS network under the control of General Kataga's forces. Dozens of drones engaged the Republican WarShips as General Kataga led his armed forces against Benboudaoud's forces on the ground[2] from the cockpit of his customized VTR-9B Victor[4] with the Republicans now heavily outnumbered by the SLDF and New Dallas troops. The New Dallas forces vanquished the Republicans on both the ground and in space over the course of the next six hours, leaving New Dallas under their control, at least temporarily.[2] Benboudaoud was killed in battle at the controls of her Rampage, having led the bulk of her forces from their position around Fort Resolute.[5]
On the 7th of January 2767 a second task force of Republican WarShips began an attack on New Dallas with a heavy naval engagement, with the Republican fleet of thirty Republican WarShips augmented by the captured SDS drones attacking the New Dallas SDS drones above New Dallas on the 14th of January. Republican Admiral Otto Idowu waited until his forces had destroyed the last of the SLDF SDS drones before broadcasting that the defenders of New Dallas had one day to surrender and submit to the rule of Emperor Stefan Amaris, a demand that Clay and Kataga responded to by ordering the local aerospace fighter squadrons to engage and destroy the enemy forces. Despite being heavily outnumbered and outgunned the local squadrons managed to delay the Republican attack by several hours, but when the last of the squadrons had been destroyed Admiral Idowu ordered his WarShips to begin destroying the military bases on New Dallas using orbital bombardment.[2] Kataga was killed during the orbital bombardment of Fortress Goliad, remaining at the command post even as the Republican WarShips were burying the complex.[5]
First Succession War[edit]
The population of New Dallas had vowed to never relinquish their world to a Great House, still considering themselves loyal citizens of the Hegemony despite the collapse of the Star League; recovery efforts had a long way to go, but an underground bunker which had been almost forgotten during the Amaris Civil War was recovered by the New Dallas Militia, and proved to be a storehouse of "royal-quality" equipment, including heavy weapons, 'Mechs and vehicles. The militia included many former SLDF personnel who had chosen to retire, refusing to join the Exodus, and it was those ex-SLDF soldiers who piloted the advanced equipment, bringing the New Dallas Militia up to approximately three regiments in size.[6][1]
The Free Worlds League moved to annex New Dallas in March 2787, having bypassed the planet while taking a number of other nearby Hegemony systems. The Third and Fifth Atrean Dragoons and the Seventh Marik Militia expected the capture of New Dallas to be easy, but instead found themselves facing the well-armed, well-trained and well-equipped New Dallas Militia as well as a population determined to resist. While the Third Atrean Dragoons found themselves bogged down by fierce resistance in and around Caddo City, the New Dallas Militia fought the Seventh Marik Militia throughout the Lake Galvez region, pushing the Seventh to the brink of destruction.[6] The Seventh had attempted to use the same landing zones that the SLDF had used during Operation CHIEFTAIN, unaware that the Militia was massing in the region due to poor intelligence gathering. The remnants of the Seventh managed to retreat to their DropShips, many of which were destroyed.[3] It was only a combat drop conducted by the Third Atrean Dragoons' Second Battalion to reinforce the Seventh's drop zone that allowed any of the Seventh to survive to retreat into their DropShips.[7]
Shocked by the level of resistance, the commanders of the invasion force authorized the use of tactical atomics against the militia. The nuclear weapons wiped out the resistance, but also destroyed the bulk of the remaining planetary infrastructure and major population centers.[6] The nuclear weapons used in Caddo City nearly destroyed the boneyard bunker and former HCID memory core concealed under the remains of the militia barracks, and actually collapsed part of the bunker during the battle.[3] The bombardment of Caddo City alone saw three hundred thousand civilians killed, in exchange for destroying two battalions of the New Dallas Militia - and occurred after the Militia had surrendered in response to the broadcast threat of nuclear weapons being used. The nuclear weapons destroyed the will of the population to resist, other than diehard survivors of the Militia, who were further enraged by the callous tactics of the FWLM units and the wanton destruction they had caused.[8] The surviving Militia forces constructed a fake firebase in the ruins of Fort Resolute and used it as an ambush, luring the Third Atrean Dragoons into an attack and killing those Dragoons who fell for the trick, in what proved to be the last major battle.[9]
Officers[edit]
| Rank | Name | Time Period in Command | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Commanding Officers of the New Dallas Militia | |||
| General | Samuel Dinwoodie | 2787[10] | |
Tactics[edit]
Unknown.
Composition History[edit]
2787[edit]
- New Dallas Militia (Brigade/Veteran)[10]
Rules[edit]
2787[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Technical Readout: 3075, p. 166: "New Dallas"
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Historical: Liberation of Terra Volume 1, pp. 83–84: "New Dallas"
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Historical Turning Points: New Dallas, p. 5: "The Hegemony Memory Core of New Dallas"
- ↑ Official Errata
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Historical Turning Points: New Dallas, p. 7: "Combatants"
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 First Succession War, p. 30: "New Dallas: Terran to the Final, Fiery End"
- ↑ Historical Turning Points: New Dallas, p. 12: "Songs of Freedom"
- ↑ Historical Turning Points: New Dallas, p. 13: "Beginning of the End"
- ↑ Historical Turning Points: New Dallas, p. 14: "Ranger Justice"
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Historical Turning Points: New Dallas, p. 8: "Combatants"