Difference between revisions of "Anti-missile system"

 
(119 intermediate revisions by 22 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
[[Image:Anti-Missile System.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Anti-Missile System]]
+
{{InfoBoxWeapon
 +
| image = [[Image:Anti-Missile System.jpg|200px]]
 +
| name = Anti-missile system
 +
| Type = equipment (point-blank weapon)
 +
| Tech Base =
 +
[[Clan]]/
 +
[[Inner Sphere|IS]]
 +
| Year Availability =
 +
Clan = [[2831]]
 +
IS = [[3040]]
 +
| Year Introduced =
 +
Clan = [[2831]] [[Clan Blood Spirit|CBS]]
 +
IS = [[2617]] [[Terran Hegemony|TH]]
 +
| Year Extinction =
 +
IS = [[2835]]<ref name="SSWp102">''Second Succession War'', p. 102: "Weapons and Equipment Extinction Table"</ref>
 +
| Year Reintroduced =
 +
IS = [[3040]] [[Federated Commonwealth|FC]]
 +
| Tech Rating = [[Technology Rating#E|E]]
 +
| Availability Rating =
 +
| Age of War–Star League = [[Availability Rating#E|E]]
 +
| Succession Wars = [[Availability Rating#F|F]]
 +
| Clan Invasion – Present = [[Availability Rating#D|D]]
 +
| Heat = 1
 +
| Damage = Special<ref name=TW129-130>''Total Warfare'', pp. 129–120: "Anti-Missile System"</ref>
 +
| Short Range = Special<ref name=TW129-130/>
 +
| Tons = 0.5
 +
| Critical Slots = 1
 +
| Ammo Per Ton =
 +
Clan = 24
 +
IS = 12
 +
| Cost (unloaded) = 100,000 C-bills
 +
| Ammo Cost (per reload) = 2,000 C-bills
 +
| BV (1.0) =
 +
Clan = 63
 +
IS = 32
 +
| Ammo BV (1.0) =
 +
Clan = 21
 +
IS = 11
 +
| BV (2.0) =
 +
Clan = 32
 +
IS = 32
 +
| Ammo BV (2.0) =
 +
Clan = 22
 +
IS = 11
 +
}}
  
==Description==
+
== Description ==
Introduced in [[2617]] by the [[Terran Hegemony]], the '''anti-missile system''' is used to destroy missiles before they strike their target. This is accomplished by using a short ranged rapid firing weapon which shoots at the missiles. Because missiles in [[BattleTech]] are usually fired in salvos of up to forty at a time, anti-missile systems are rarely capable of destroying them all. Due to the loss of knowledge caused by the [[Succession Wars]], anti-missile systems ceased to be produced by [[2796]]. Only in [[3040]] did the [[Federated Commonwealth]] rediscover the means to produce this equipment. For the [[Clans]], however, AMS never became [[LosTech]], and by the time of the [[Clan Invasion|invasion]] had improved on the [[Star League]] version by replacing the solid slugs with flechettes, allowing for more ammunition per ton.<ref>''[[TechManual]]'', p. 204</ref>
+
Introduced in [[2617]] by the [[Terran Hegemony]], the '''anti-missile system''' was used to destroy missiles before they struck their target. This was accomplished by using a short-ranged rapid firing weapon which shot at the missiles. Because missiles were usually fired in salvos of up to forty at a time, anti-missile systems were rarely capable of destroying them all. Due to the loss of knowledge caused by the [[Succession Wars (History)|Succession Wars]], anti-missile systems ceased to be produced by [[2835]].<ref name="SSWp102"/> Only in [[3040]] did the [[Federated Commonwealth]] rediscover the means to produce this equipment. For the [[Clans]], however, AMS never became [[LosTech]], and by the time of the [[Clan Invasion|invasion]], the Clans had improved on the [[Star League]] version by replacing the solid slugs with flechettes, allowing for more ammunition per ton.<ref name="TMp204">''TechManual'', p. 204: "Anti-Missile System"</ref>
  
[[Laser Anti-Missile System|Laser versions]] of the anti-missile system exist, and benefit from having no ammunition requirement unlike regular systems. However they produce heat as a side effect of their use.
+
[[Laser Anti-Missile System|Laser versions]] of the anti-missile system existed and benefited from having no ammunition requirement, unlike regular systems. However, their use produced heat.
  
==Manufacturing==
+
There was also a version of the anti-missile system configured to protect allied units within range of the equipped unit, known as the [[RISC Advanced Point Defense System]].
Anti-Missile System is manufactured on the following planets:
+
 
{| cellpadding="5"
+
==Models==
! Brand
+
The anti-missile system was manufactured on the following planets:
! Planet
+
 
! Company
+
===Burrow Anti-Missile System===
 +
Also known as the "Burow," the Burrow system proved to be susceptible to electronic jamming. Though the [[Star League Defense Force]] [[Quartermaster Command]] ordered the improved McArthur systems as the replacement systems, most units never had the chance to refit them before the [[Amaris Coup]].<ref name=RIp32>''Rhonda's Irregulars, p. 32''</ref>
 +
{|class="wikitable" style="background: #gray; text-align:center; border: 2px solid black;"
 +
|'''Manufactured on'''
 +
|'''Manufactured by'''
 +
|'''Typically used in'''
 +
|'''References'''
 +
|----
 +
| [[Outreach]]
 +
| [[Blackwell Corporation]]
 +
| [[War Dog]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: 3055 Upgrade'', p. 68</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| [[Keystone]]
 +
| [[Earthwerks Incorporated]]
 +
| [[Jackal]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: 3055 Upgrade'', p. 20</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| [[Kendall]]
 +
| [[Kali Yama - Alphard Trading Corporation]]
 +
| [[Hercules (BattleMech)|Hercules]]
 +
|<ref name=TRO3055U_56>''Technical Readout: 3055 Upgrade'', p. 56</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
| Burow
 
 
| [[Kalidasa]]
 
| [[Kalidasa]]
| [[Kali Yama Weapons Industries Incorporated]]
+
| [[Kali Yama Weapons Industries]]
 +
| [[Hercules (BattleMech)|Hercules]]
 +
|<ref name=TRO3055U_56/>
 +
|-
 +
| [[Terra]]
 +
| [[Leopard Armor]]
 +
| [[Padilla Heavy Artillery Tank|Padilla]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: 3058 Upgrade'', p. 200</ref>
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
===Buzzsaw Anti-Missile System===
 +
{|class="wikitable" style="background: #gray; text-align:center; border: 2px solid black;"
 +
|'''Manufactured on'''
 +
|'''Manufactured by'''
 +
|'''Typically used in'''
 +
|'''References'''
 +
|----
 +
| [[Al Na'ir]]
 +
| [[Wakazashi Enterprises]]
 +
| [[Bombardier]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: 3050 Upgrade'', p. 206</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| [[Caph]]
 +
| [[General Systems]]
 +
| [[Exterminator]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: 3050 Upgrade'', p. 208</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| [[Wasat]]
 +
| [[Renault-Prime]]
 +
| [[Flashman]]
 +
|<ref name=TRO3050U_214>''Technical Readout: 3050 Upgrade'', p. 214</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| [[Hesperus II]]
 +
| [[Defiance Industries]]
 +
| [[Flashman]]
 +
|<ref name=TRO3050U_214/>
 +
|-
 +
| [[Terra]]
 +
| [[Pandora 'Mech Works]]
 +
| [[Winston (Combat Vehicle)|Winston]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: 3085'', p. 40</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| [[Ruchbah]]
 +
| [[Michaelson Heavy Industries]]
 +
| [[Hexareme]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: 3150'', p. 100</ref>
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
===CGS-AMA Anti-Missile System===
 +
{|class="wikitable" style="background: #gray; text-align:center; border: 2px solid black;"
 +
|'''Manufactured on'''
 +
|'''Manufactured by'''
 +
|'''Typically used in'''
 +
|'''References'''
 +
|----
 +
| [[Braunschweig]]
 +
| [[Imperial BattleMechs]]
 +
| [[Star Python]]
 +
|<ref name=RGi23_4>''Recognition Guide: ilClan, vol. 23'', p. 4</ref>
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
===Chosatsugai no Kunai===
 +
{|class="wikitable" style="background: #gray; text-align:center; border: 2px solid black;"
 +
|'''Manufactured on'''
 +
|'''Manufactured by'''
 +
|'''Typically used in'''
 +
|'''References'''
 +
|----
 +
| [[New Samarkand]]
 +
| [[New Samarkand Metals]]
 +
| [[Narukami (Combat Vehicle)|Narukami]]
 +
|<ref name=TRO:3145DCp28>''Technical Readout: 3145 Draconis Combine'', p. 28: "Produced Narukami Components"</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| [[Unity]]
 +
| [[Pesht Motors]]
 +
| [[Mamono]]
 +
|<ref name=TRO:3145DCp22>''Technical Readout: 3145 Draconis Combine'', p. 22: "Produced Mamono Components"</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| [[Dover]]
 +
| [[Wakazashi Enterprises]]
 +
| [[Koi|Nishikigoi]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: Prototypes'', p. 66</ref>
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
===Deprus Swarmshot Anti-Missile System===
 +
{|class="wikitable" style="background: #gray; text-align:center; border: 2px solid black;"
 +
|'''Manufactured on'''
 +
|'''Manufactured by'''
 +
|'''Typically used in'''
 +
|'''References'''
 +
|----
 +
| [[Shiro III]]
 +
| [[Irian BattleMechs Unlimited]]
 +
| [[Stalker]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: 3050'', p. 198</ref><ref>''Technical Readout: 3050 Revised'', p. 170</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
| Deprus Swarmshot
+
| [[Tukayyid]]
| [[MacLeod's Land]]
+
|
| [[Pinard Protectorates Limited]]
+
|
 +
|<ref>''Objective Raids'', p. 180</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
| LFN Linblad Shotgun
+
|}
| [[Grand Base]]
+
 
 +
==="Goalkeeper" Anti-Missile System===
 +
{|class="wikitable" style="background: #gray; text-align:center; border: 2px solid black;"
 +
|'''Manufactured on'''
 +
|'''Manufactured by'''
 +
|'''Typically used in'''
 +
|'''References'''
 +
|----
 +
| Various
 +
| Various
 +
| [[Ishtar (Combat Vehicle)|Ishtar]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: 3060'', p. 62</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| [[Spital]]
 +
| [[Benson and Bjorn]]
 +
| [[Vidar]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: Prototypes'', p. 78</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| [[Dante (system)|Dante]]
 +
| [[Snow Raven Industrial Complex Alpha]]
 +
| [[Deimos (OmniMech)|Deimos]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: 3085'', p. 54</ref>
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
===Lindblad Shotgun Anti-Missile System===
 +
{|class="wikitable" style="background: #gray; text-align:center; border: 2px solid black;"
 +
|'''Manufactured on'''
 +
|'''Manufactured by'''
 +
|'''Typically used in'''
 +
|'''References'''
 +
|----
 +
| [[Keystone]]
 +
| [[Earthwerks Incorporated]]
 +
| [[Stinger]], [[Phoenix Hawk]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: 3050'', pp. 59, 111</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| [[Calloway VI]]
 
| [[Earthwerks Incorporated]]
 
| [[Earthwerks Incorporated]]
 +
| [[Stinger]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: 3050'', p. 59</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
| LFN Linblad Shotgun
+
| [[Connaught]]
| [[Tematagi]]
+
| [[Kong Interstellar Corporation]]
| [[Nimakachi Fusion Products Limited]]
+
| [[Ostsol]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: 3050'', pp. 146–147</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| [[Asuncion]], [[Bernardo]]
 +
| [[Kallon Industries]]
 +
| [[Crusader]]
 +
|<ref name=TRO3050p156f>''Technical Readout: 3050'', pp. 156–157</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| [[Oliver]]
 +
| [[Brigadier Corporation]]
 +
| [[Crusader]]
 +
|<ref name=TRO3050p156f />
 
|-
 
|-
| LFN Linblad Shotgun
 
 
| [[Wallis]]
 
| [[Wallis]]
 
| [[Ronin Incorporated]]
 
| [[Ronin Incorporated]]
 +
| [[Warhammer]], [[Patriot]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: 3050'', pp. 172–173</ref><ref>''Technical Readout: 3075'', p. 82</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
| MainFire Point Defense
+
| [[Gibson]]
| [[Belladonna]]
+
| [[Gibson Federated BattleMechs]]
| [[Cal-Boeing of Dorwinion]]
+
| [[Grand Crusader]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: 3058'', p. 132</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
| McArthur
+
| [[Tematagi]]
| [[New Earth]]
+
| [[Nimakachi Fusion Products Limited]]
| [[Yankee Weapons Systems]]
+
| Exported
 +
|<ref>''Objective Raids'', p. 136</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
| McArthur
+
| [[Canopus IV]]
| [[Terra]]
+
| [[Majesty Metals and Manufacturing]]
| [[Blankenburg Technologies]]
+
| [[Arrow IV (Combat Vehicle)]]
 +
|<ref name=TRO3145_94>''Technical Readout: 3145'', p. 94</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
| McArthur II
+
| [[Andurien]]
| [[Terra]]
+
| [[Brooks Incorporated]]
| [[Blankenburg Technologies]]
+
| [[Arrow IV (Combat Vehicle)]]
 +
|<ref name=TRO3145_94/>
 
|-
 
|-
| SureFire 444
+
|}
| [[Coventry]]
+
 
| [[Coventry Metal Works]]
+
===Ma Mien Anti-Missile System===
|-
+
{|class="wikitable" style="background: #gray; text-align:center; border: 2px solid black;"
| Voelkers Parasol
+
|'''Manufactured on'''
 +
|'''Manufactured by'''
 +
|'''Typically used in'''
 +
|'''References'''
 +
|----
 
| [[Stewart]]
 
| [[Stewart]]
| [[Corean Enterprises]]
+
| [[Corean Enterprises MacAdams-Suharno]]
 +
| [[Sirocco]]
 +
|<ref name=RGi23_4/>
 
|-
 
|-
| Yori Flyswatter
 
| [[Al Na'ir]]
 
| [[Yori 'Mech Works]]
 
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
+
===MainFire Point Defense Anti-Missile System===
{|  
+
{|class="wikitable" style="background: #gray; text-align:center; border: 2px solid black;"
! Model
+
|'''Manufactured on'''
! Used By
+
|'''Manufactured by'''
 +
|'''Typically used in'''
 +
|'''References'''
 +
|----
 +
| [[Hesperus II]]
 +
| [[Defiance Industries]]
 +
| [[Berserker]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: Clan Invasion'', p. 188</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
|“Goalkeeper” Anti-Missile System <ref> TRO 3060 p. 62 </ref>|| ISHTAR HEAVY FIRE SUPPORT TANK Clan (Vehicle)
+
| [[New Avalon]]
 +
| [[Corean Enterprises]]
 +
| [[Sortek]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: 3150'', p. 68</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
|“Goalkeeper” Anti-Missile System <ref> TRO 3060 p. 62 </ref>|| ISHTAR HEAVY FIRE SUPPORT TANK Clan (Vehicle)
+
| [[Salem]]
 +
| [[General Motors]]
 +
| [[Destrier]], [[Challenger]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: 3150'', p. 108</ref><ref name=TRO3058U_114>''Technical Readout: 3058 Upgrade'', p. 114</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
|Burow Anti-Missile System <ref> TRO 3055U p. 20 </ref>|| JA-KL-1532 JACKAL IS (Mech)
+
| [[Terra]]
 +
| [[Aldis Industries]]
 +
| [[Padilla Heavy Artillery Tank|Padilla]]
 +
|<ref>''Experimental Technical Readout: Republic, Volume 3'', p. 13</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
|Burow Anti-Missile System <ref> TRO 3055U p. 56 </ref>|| HRC-LS-9000 HERCULES IS (Mech)
+
| [[New Syrtis]]
 +
| [[Johnston Industries]]
 +
| [[Goblin]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: 3058 Upgrade'', p. 84</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
|Burow Anti-Missile System <ref> TRO 3055U p. 68 </ref>|| WR-DG-02FC WAR DOG IS (Mech)
+
| [[Kathil]]
 +
| [[General Motors]]
 +
| [[Challenger]]
 +
|<ref name=TRO3058U_114/>
 
|-
 
|-
|Burrow Anti-Missile System <ref> TRO 3058U p. 200 </ref>|| PADILLA HEAVY ARTILLERY TANK IS (Vehicle)
+
| [[Kirklin]]
 +
| [[Kallon Weapon Industries]]
 +
| [[Challenger]]
 +
|<ref name=TRO3058U_114/>
 
|-
 
|-
|Buzzsaw Anti-Missile System <ref> TRO 3050U p. 206 </ref>|| bMb-12d Bombardier (Mech) IS
+
| [[Talon (moon)|Talon]]
 +
| [[Kallon Weapon Industries]]
 +
| [[Hornet]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: 3050 Upgrade'', p. 10</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
|Buzzsaw Anti-Missile System <ref> TRO 3050U p. 208 </ref>|| eXt-4d Exterminator (Mech) IS
+
|}
 +
 
 +
===McArthur Anti-Missile System===
 +
Originally developed by [[Mitchell Vehicles]], the McArthur AMS was cited as one of the most popular models of anti-missile systems in the post–Clan Invasion Inner Sphere.<ref name="TMp204"/> Despite being considered superior to other Star League era systems (like the Burrow), the McArthur is not without fault. Models fitted to the ''[[Spartan]]'' were frequently prone to jamming when the 'Mech either ran or performed torso twists; the issue was ultimately traced to the placement at the ''Spartan''&#39;s waist, with [[ComStar]] field engineers overcoming the issue during the [[Battle of Tukayyid (3052)|Battle of Tukayyid]] by moving the system higher up in the right torso.<ref name=RI-32>''Rhonda's Irregulars'', p. 32: "Type: SPT-N1 ''Spartan''"</ref><ref name=TRO3058U-220>''Technical Readout: 3058 Upgrade'', p. 220: "SPT-N2 ''Spartan''"</ref>
 +
 
 +
{|class="wikitable" style="background: #gray; text-align:center; border: 2px solid black;"
 +
|'''Manufactured on'''
 +
|'''Manufactured by'''
 +
|'''Typically used in'''
 +
|'''References'''
 +
|----
 +
| [[Hesperus II]]
 +
| [[Defiance Industries]]
 +
| [[Battle Hawk]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: 3055 Upgrade'', p. 14</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
|Buzzsaw Anti-Missile System <ref> TRO 3050U p. 214 </ref>|| fls-8K Flashman (Mech) IS
+
| [[Hun Ho]]
 +
| [[LexaTech Industries]]
 +
| [[Cerberus (BattleMech)|Cerberus]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: 3055 Upgrade'', p. 76</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
|Buzzsaw Anti-Missile System <ref> 3085 p. 40 </ref>|| Winston Combat Vehicle IS (Vehicle)
+
| [[Keystone]]
 +
| [[Earthwerks Limited]]
 +
| [[Grand Titan]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: 3055 Upgrade'', p. 82</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
|McArthur Mk.II Anti-Missile System <ref> 3085 p. 88 </ref>|| brM-5a Brahma IS (Mech)
+
| [[Carver V]]
 +
| [[Hagan Industries]]
 +
| [[BattleMech Landing Craft]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: Irregulars'', p. 12</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
|LFN Lindblad Shotgun Anti-Missile System <ref> TRO 3075 p. 82 </ref>|| IS pkM-2c patriot (mech)
+
| [[Terra]]
 +
| [[Martinson Armaments]]
 +
| [[Initiate]], [[Spartan]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: Jihad'', p. 72</ref><ref>''Technical Readout: 3058 Upgrade'', p. 220</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
|MainFire Point Defense Anti-Missile System <ref> TRO 3050U p. 10 </ref>|| hnt-171 Hornet (Mech) IS
+
| [[Terra]]
 +
| [[Aldis Industries]]
 +
| [[Cobra (Combat Vehicle)]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: 3075'', p. 170</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
|MainFire Point Defense Anti-Missile System <ref> TRO 3055U p. 80 </ref>|| BRZ-A3 BERSERKER IS (Mech)
+
| [[Terra]]
 +
| [[Mitchell Vehicles]]
 +
| [[White Flame]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: Jihad'', p. 148</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
|MainFire Point-Defense AMS <ref> TRO 3058U p. 84 </ref||> GOBLIN INFANTRY TANK IS (Vehicle)
+
| [[New Earth]]
 +
| [[Yankee Weapons Systems]]
 +
| [[Excalibur]]
 +
|<ref name=TROSW_130>''Technical Readout: Succession Wars'', p. 130</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
|MainFire Point-Defense Anti-Missile System <ref> TRO 3058U p. 114 </ref>|| CHALLENGER X MBT IS (Vehicle)
+
| [[Terra]]
 +
| [[Skobel MechWorks]]
 +
| [[Excalibur]], [[Nexus]]
 +
|<ref name=TROSW_130/><ref>''Technical Readout: 3058'', p. 96</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
|McArthur Anti-Missile System <ref> TRO 3055U p. 14 </ref>|| BH-K305 BATTLE HAWK IS (Mech)
+
| [[Quentin]]
 +
| [[Independence Weaponry]]
 +
| [[Excalibur]]
 +
|<ref name=TROSW_130/>
 
|-
 
|-
|McArthur Anti-Missile System <ref> TRO 3055U p. 76 </ref>|| IS (Mech)
+
| [[Strana Mechty]]
 +
| [[Strana Mechty MechWorks]]
 +
| [[Hoplite]]
 +
|<ref name=HOK_166>''Historical: Operation Klondike'', p. 166</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
|McArthur Anti-Missile System <ref> TRO 3055U p. 82 </ref>|| T-IT-N10M GRAND TITAN IS (Mech)
+
| [[Eden]]
 +
| [[Eden Weaponry Consolidated]]
 +
| [[Hoplite]]
 +
|<ref name=HOK_166/>
 
|-
 
|-
|McArthur Anti-Missile System <ref> TRO 3058U p. 216 </ref>|| EXC-B2 EXCALIBUR IS (Mech)
+
|}
 +
 
 +
===McArthur II Anti-Missile System===
 +
{|class="wikitable" style="background: #gray; text-align:center; border: 2px solid black;"
 +
|'''Manufactured on'''
 +
|'''Manufactured by'''
 +
|'''Typically used in'''
 +
|'''References'''
 +
|----
 +
| [[Terra]]
 +
| [[Blankenburg Technologies]]
 +
| [[Grim Reaper]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: 3055 Upgrade'', p. 44</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
|McArthur Anti-Missile System <ref> TRO 3058U p. 220 </ref>|| SPT-N2 SPARTAN IS (Mech)
+
| [[Taurus]]
 +
| [[Taurus Territorial Industries]]
 +
| [[Brahma]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: 3085'', p. 88</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
|McArthur Anti-Missile System <ref> TRO 3060 p. 84 </ref>|| INI-02 INITIATE IS (Mech)
+
|}
 +
 
 +
===Shield-1 Anti-Missile System===
 +
{|class="wikitable" style="background: #gray; text-align:center; border: 2px solid black;"
 +
|'''Manufactured on'''
 +
|'''Manufactured by'''
 +
|'''Typically used in'''
 +
|'''References'''
 +
|----
 +
| [[Babylon]]
 +
| [[Coyote Industrial]]
 +
| [[Masauwu]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: Golden Century'', p. 34</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
|McArthur Anti-Missile System <ref> TRO 3067 p. 84 </ref>|| WHF-3B WHITE FLAME IS (Mech)
+
|}
 +
 
 +
===Shield-3 Anti-Missile System===
 +
{|class="wikitable" style="background: #gray; text-align:center; border: 2px solid black;"
 +
|'''Manufactured on'''
 +
|'''Manufactured by'''
 +
|'''Typically used in'''
 +
|'''References'''
 +
|----
 +
| [[Tokasha]]
 +
| [[Tokasha MechWorks]]
 +
| [[Stone Rhino (Behemoth)|''Stone Rhino (Behemoth)'' 2]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: 3055 Upgrade'', p. 120</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| [[Weingarten]]
 +
| [[W-7 Facilities]]
 +
| [[Lobo]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: 3067'', p. 112</ref>
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
===Shield 3A Anti-Missile System===
 +
{|class="wikitable" style="background: #gray; text-align:center; border: 2px solid black;"
 +
|'''Manufactured on'''
 +
|'''Manufactured by'''
 +
|'''Typically used in'''
 +
|'''References'''
 +
|----
 +
| [[Weingarten]]
 +
| [[W-7 Facilities]]
 +
| [[Night Wolf]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: 3085'', p. 174</ref>
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
===SureFire 444===
 +
Developed by [[Coventry Metal Works]], the SureFire 444 (also rendered as the Sure Fire 444) is cited as one of the most popular models of anti-missile systems in the post–Clan Invasion Inner Sphere,<ref name="TMp204"/> available over the counter to anyone with enough [[C-bill]]s.<ref name=TRO3050-64>''Technical Readout: 3050'', p. 64, "''Falcon''"</ref>
 +
{|class="wikitable" style="background: #gray; text-align:center; border: 2px solid black;"
 +
|'''Manufactured on'''
 +
|'''Manufactured by'''
 +
|'''Typically used in'''
 +
|'''References'''
 +
|----
 +
| [[Coventry]]
 +
| [[Coventry Metal Works]]
 +
| [[Firestarter (BattleMech)|Firestarter]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: 3050 Upgrade'', p. 24</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| [[Bryant]]
 +
| [[Lantren Corporation]]
 +
| [[Grasshopper]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: 3050 Upgrade'', p. 80</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
|McArthur Anti-Missile Systems <ref> TRO 3075 p. 170 </ref>|| IS cobra transport Vtol (vehicle)
+
| [[Terra]]
 +
| [[Aldis Industries]]
 +
| [[Trajan]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: 3085'', p. 46</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
|McArthur II Anti-Missile System <ref> TRO 3055U p. 44 </ref>|| GRM-R-PR29 GRIM REAPER IS (Mech)
+
| [[Terra]]
 +
| [[Coventry/Earthwerks Combine]]
 +
| [[Falcon]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: 3050 Upgrade'', p. 16</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
|Shield 3A Anti-Missile System <ref> 3085 p. 174 </ref>|| Night Wolf clan (Mech)
+
| [[Outreach]]
 +
| [[Blackwell Industries]]
 +
| [[Falcon]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: 3050 Upgrade'', p. 14</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
|Shield-3 Anti-Missile System <ref> TRO 3055U p. 120 </ref>|| BEHEMOTH 2 Clan (Mech)
+
| [[Sudeten]]
 +
| [[Olivetti Weaponry]]
 +
| [[Thunderbolt]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: 3050'', p. 160</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
|Shield-3 Anti-Missile System <ref> TRO 3067 p. 112 </ref>|| LOBO Clan (Mech)
+
| [[Loxley]]
 +
| [[Blue Shot Weapons]]
 +
| [[Schildkröte]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: 3145'', p. 76</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
|SureFire 444 Anti-Missile System <ref> TRO 3050U p. 14 </ref>|| flc-4p Falcon (Mech) IS
+
| [[Arc-Royal]]
 +
| [[Arc-Royal MechWorks]]
 +
| [[Verfolger]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: 3067'', p. 80</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
|Surefire 444 Anti-missile system <ref> TRO 3050U p. 16 </ref>|| ffl-4b Firefly (Mech) IS
+
|
 +
|
 +
| [[BattleMaster]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: 3050'', p. 192</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
|SureFire 444 Anti-Missile System <ref> TRO 3050U p. 24 </ref>|| fs9-s Firestarter (Mech) IS
+
|}
 +
 
 +
===Voelkers Parasol Anti-Missile System===
 +
Developed by Corean Enterprises, the Voelkers Parasol is cited as one of the most popular models of anti-missile systems in the post–Clan Invasion Inner Sphere.<ref name="TMp204"/>
 +
{|class="wikitable" style="background: #gray; text-align:center; border: 2px solid black;"
 +
|'''Manufactured on'''
 +
|'''Manufactured by'''
 +
|'''Typically used in'''
 +
|'''References'''
 +
|----
 +
| [[Stewart]]
 +
| [[Corean Enterprises MacAdams-Suharno]]
 +
| [[Locust]]
 +
|<ref>''Objective Raids'', p. 135</ref><ref>''Technical Readout: 3050'', pp. 54–55</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
|SureFire 444 Anti-Missile System <ref> TRO 3050U p. 80 </ref>|| Ghr-5J Grasshopper (Mech) IS
+
|}
 +
 
 +
===Yori Flyswatter Anti-Missile System===
 +
Developed by Yori 'Mech Works, the Yori Flyswatter is cited as one of the most popular models of anti-missile systems in the post–Clan Invasion Inner Sphere.<ref name="TMp204"/>
 +
{|class="wikitable" style="background: #gray; text-align:center; border: 2px solid black;"
 +
|'''Manufactured on'''
 +
|'''Manufactured by'''
 +
|'''Typically used in'''
 +
|'''References'''
 +
|----
 +
| [[Al Na'ir]]
 +
| [[Yori 'Mech Works]]
 +
| [[Atlas (BattleMech)|Atlas]]
 +
|<ref name=TRO3050U_108>''Technical Readout: 3050 Upgrade'', p. 108</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
|Surefire 444 Anti-Missile System <ref> TRO 3067 p. 80 </ref>|| VR5-R VERFOLGER IS (Mech)
+
| [[Quentin]]
 +
| [[Independence Weaponry]]
 +
| [[Atlas (BattleMech)|Atlas]]
 +
|<ref name=TRO3050U_108/>
 
|-
 
|-
|SureFire 444 Anti-Missile Systems <ref> 3085 p. 46 </ref>|| Trajan assault Infantry Fighting Vehicle IS (Vehicle)
+
| [[Luthien]]
 +
| [[Luthien Armor Works]]
 +
| [[Komodo]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: 3055 Upgrade'', p. 32</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
|Yori Flyswatter Anti-Missile System <ref> TRO 3050U p. 108 </ref>|| as7-K Atlas (Mech) IS
+
| [[Talon (moon)|Talon]]
 +
| [[Kallon Industries]]
 +
| [[Penetrator]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: 3055 Upgrade'', p. 64</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
|Yori Flyswatter Anti-Missile System <ref> TRO 3055U p. 64 </ref>|| PTR-4D PENETRATOR IS (Mech)
+
| [[Unity]]
 +
| [[Pesht Motors]]
 +
| [[Teppō]]
 +
|<ref>''Technical Readout: 3085 Supplemental'', p. 20</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
|Yori Flyswatter Anti-Missile Systems <ref> TRO 3055U p. 32 </ref>|| WTC-4M WATCHMAN IS (Mech)
 
 
|}
 
|}
 +
 +
==Notes==
 +
* This article refers to a common object and addresses the object as a common noun. The preferred term is "anti-missile system" (except on section titles & table headings, where "Anti-Missile System" is favored).
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
 
<references/>
 
<references/>
 +
 
==Bibliography==
 
==Bibliography==
*''[[BattleTech Compendium: Rules of Warfare]]'', p. 115
+
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
*''[[BattleTech Master Rules]]'', pp. 122-123, 148
+
* ''[[BattleTech Compendium: The Rules of Warfare]]''
*''[[Combat Operations]]'', p. 47
+
* ''[[BattleTech Master Rules]]''
*''[[Maximum Tech]]'', p. 79
+
* ''[[Combat Operations]]''
*''[[Maximum Tech]]'' (Revised), p. 72
+
* ''[[Maximum Tech]]''
*''[[Tactical Operations]]'', pp. 99-100 (Advanced Game Rules)
+
* ''[[Rhonda's Irregulars (scenario pack)|Rhonda's Irregulars]]''
*''[[Total Warfare]]'', pp. 116, 129-130 (Game Rules)
+
* ''[[Second Succession War (sourcebook)|Second Succession War]]''
 
+
* ''[[Tactical Operations]]''
__Forcetoc__
+
* ''[[TechManual]]''
 +
* ''[[Technical Readout: 3050]]''
 +
* ''[[Technical Readout: 3145 Draconis Combine]]''
 +
* ''[[Technical Readout: Irregulars]]
 +
* ''[[Technical Readout: Prototypes]]''
 +
* ''[[Total Warfare]]''
 +
{{div col end}}
  
 
[[Category:Technology]]
 
[[Category:Technology]]
 +
[[Category:Weapons]]
 +
[[Category:Ballistic Weapons]]
 +
[[Category:Ballistic Weapons (Heavy)]]
 +
[[Category:Burst-Fire Weapons]]
 +
[[Category:Anti-Missile Weapons]]

Latest revision as of 06:50, 10 April 2024

Anti-Missile System.jpg
Anti-missile system
Production information
Type equipment (point-blank weapon)
Tech Base Clan/

IS

Year Availability Clan = 2831

IS = 3040

Year Introduced Clan = 2831 CBS

IS = 2617 TH

Year Extinction IS = 2835[1]
Year Reintroduced IS = 3040 FC
Technology Rating E
Availability Ratings E/F/D
Technical specifications
Heat 1
Damage Special[2]
Short Range Special[2]
Tons 0.5
Critical Slots 1
Ammo Per Ton Clan = 24

IS = 12

Cost (unloaded) 100,000 C-bills
BV (1.0) Clan = 63

IS = 32

Ammo BV (1.0) Clan = 21

IS = 11

BV (2.0) Clan = 32

IS = 32

Ammo BV (2.0) Clan = 22

IS = 11

Description[edit]

Introduced in 2617 by the Terran Hegemony, the anti-missile system was used to destroy missiles before they struck their target. This was accomplished by using a short-ranged rapid firing weapon which shot at the missiles. Because missiles were usually fired in salvos of up to forty at a time, anti-missile systems were rarely capable of destroying them all. Due to the loss of knowledge caused by the Succession Wars, anti-missile systems ceased to be produced by 2835.[1] Only in 3040 did the Federated Commonwealth rediscover the means to produce this equipment. For the Clans, however, AMS never became LosTech, and by the time of the invasion, the Clans had improved on the Star League version by replacing the solid slugs with flechettes, allowing for more ammunition per ton.[3]

Laser versions of the anti-missile system existed and benefited from having no ammunition requirement, unlike regular systems. However, their use produced heat.

There was also a version of the anti-missile system configured to protect allied units within range of the equipped unit, known as the RISC Advanced Point Defense System.

Models[edit]

The anti-missile system was manufactured on the following planets:

Burrow Anti-Missile System[edit]

Also known as the "Burow," the Burrow system proved to be susceptible to electronic jamming. Though the Star League Defense Force Quartermaster Command ordered the improved McArthur systems as the replacement systems, most units never had the chance to refit them before the Amaris Coup.[4]

Manufactured on Manufactured by Typically used in References
Outreach Blackwell Corporation War Dog [5]
Keystone Earthwerks Incorporated Jackal [6]
Kendall Kali Yama - Alphard Trading Corporation Hercules [7]
Kalidasa Kali Yama Weapons Industries Hercules [7]
Terra Leopard Armor Padilla [8]

Buzzsaw Anti-Missile System[edit]

Manufactured on Manufactured by Typically used in References
Al Na'ir Wakazashi Enterprises Bombardier [9]
Caph General Systems Exterminator [10]
Wasat Renault-Prime Flashman [11]
Hesperus II Defiance Industries Flashman [11]
Terra Pandora 'Mech Works Winston [12]
Ruchbah Michaelson Heavy Industries Hexareme [13]

CGS-AMA Anti-Missile System[edit]

Manufactured on Manufactured by Typically used in References
Braunschweig Imperial BattleMechs Star Python [14]

Chosatsugai no Kunai[edit]

Manufactured on Manufactured by Typically used in References
New Samarkand New Samarkand Metals Narukami [15]
Unity Pesht Motors Mamono [16]
Dover Wakazashi Enterprises Nishikigoi [17]

Deprus Swarmshot Anti-Missile System[edit]

Manufactured on Manufactured by Typically used in References
Shiro III Irian BattleMechs Unlimited Stalker [18][19]
Tukayyid [20]

"Goalkeeper" Anti-Missile System[edit]

Manufactured on Manufactured by Typically used in References
Various Various Ishtar [21]
Spital Benson and Bjorn Vidar [22]
Dante Snow Raven Industrial Complex Alpha Deimos [23]

Lindblad Shotgun Anti-Missile System[edit]

Manufactured on Manufactured by Typically used in References
Keystone Earthwerks Incorporated Stinger, Phoenix Hawk [24]
Calloway VI Earthwerks Incorporated Stinger [25]
Connaught Kong Interstellar Corporation Ostsol [26]
Asuncion, Bernardo Kallon Industries Crusader [27]
Oliver Brigadier Corporation Crusader [27]
Wallis Ronin Incorporated Warhammer, Patriot [28][29]
Gibson Gibson Federated BattleMechs Grand Crusader [30]
Tematagi Nimakachi Fusion Products Limited Exported [31]
Canopus IV Majesty Metals and Manufacturing Arrow IV (Combat Vehicle) [32]
Andurien Brooks Incorporated Arrow IV (Combat Vehicle) [32]

Ma Mien Anti-Missile System[edit]

Manufactured on Manufactured by Typically used in References
Stewart Corean Enterprises MacAdams-Suharno Sirocco [14]

MainFire Point Defense Anti-Missile System[edit]

Manufactured on Manufactured by Typically used in References
Hesperus II Defiance Industries Berserker [33]
New Avalon Corean Enterprises Sortek [34]
Salem General Motors Destrier, Challenger [35][36]
Terra Aldis Industries Padilla [37]
New Syrtis Johnston Industries Goblin [38]
Kathil General Motors Challenger [36]
Kirklin Kallon Weapon Industries Challenger [36]
Talon Kallon Weapon Industries Hornet [39]

McArthur Anti-Missile System[edit]

Originally developed by Mitchell Vehicles, the McArthur AMS was cited as one of the most popular models of anti-missile systems in the post–Clan Invasion Inner Sphere.[3] Despite being considered superior to other Star League era systems (like the Burrow), the McArthur is not without fault. Models fitted to the Spartan were frequently prone to jamming when the 'Mech either ran or performed torso twists; the issue was ultimately traced to the placement at the Spartan's waist, with ComStar field engineers overcoming the issue during the Battle of Tukayyid by moving the system higher up in the right torso.[40][41]

Manufactured on Manufactured by Typically used in References
Hesperus II Defiance Industries Battle Hawk [42]
Hun Ho LexaTech Industries Cerberus [43]
Keystone Earthwerks Limited Grand Titan [44]
Carver V Hagan Industries BattleMech Landing Craft [45]
Terra Martinson Armaments Initiate, Spartan [46][47]
Terra Aldis Industries Cobra (Combat Vehicle) [48]
Terra Mitchell Vehicles White Flame [49]
New Earth Yankee Weapons Systems Excalibur [50]
Terra Skobel MechWorks Excalibur, Nexus [50][51]
Quentin Independence Weaponry Excalibur [50]
Strana Mechty Strana Mechty MechWorks Hoplite [52]
Eden Eden Weaponry Consolidated Hoplite [52]

McArthur II Anti-Missile System[edit]

Manufactured on Manufactured by Typically used in References
Terra Blankenburg Technologies Grim Reaper [53]
Taurus Taurus Territorial Industries Brahma [54]

Shield-1 Anti-Missile System[edit]

Manufactured on Manufactured by Typically used in References
Babylon Coyote Industrial Masauwu [55]

Shield-3 Anti-Missile System[edit]

Manufactured on Manufactured by Typically used in References
Tokasha Tokasha MechWorks Stone Rhino (Behemoth) 2 [56]
Weingarten W-7 Facilities Lobo [57]

Shield 3A Anti-Missile System[edit]

Manufactured on Manufactured by Typically used in References
Weingarten W-7 Facilities Night Wolf [58]

SureFire 444[edit]

Developed by Coventry Metal Works, the SureFire 444 (also rendered as the Sure Fire 444) is cited as one of the most popular models of anti-missile systems in the post–Clan Invasion Inner Sphere,[3] available over the counter to anyone with enough C-bills.[59]

Manufactured on Manufactured by Typically used in References
Coventry Coventry Metal Works Firestarter [60]
Bryant Lantren Corporation Grasshopper [61]
Terra Aldis Industries Trajan [62]
Terra Coventry/Earthwerks Combine Falcon [63]
Outreach Blackwell Industries Falcon [64]
Sudeten Olivetti Weaponry Thunderbolt [65]
Loxley Blue Shot Weapons Schildkröte [66]
Arc-Royal Arc-Royal MechWorks Verfolger [67]
BattleMaster [68]

Voelkers Parasol Anti-Missile System[edit]

Developed by Corean Enterprises, the Voelkers Parasol is cited as one of the most popular models of anti-missile systems in the post–Clan Invasion Inner Sphere.[3]

Manufactured on Manufactured by Typically used in References
Stewart Corean Enterprises MacAdams-Suharno Locust [69][70]

Yori Flyswatter Anti-Missile System[edit]

Developed by Yori 'Mech Works, the Yori Flyswatter is cited as one of the most popular models of anti-missile systems in the post–Clan Invasion Inner Sphere.[3]

Manufactured on Manufactured by Typically used in References
Al Na'ir Yori 'Mech Works Atlas [71]
Quentin Independence Weaponry Atlas [71]
Luthien Luthien Armor Works Komodo [72]
Talon Kallon Industries Penetrator [73]
Unity Pesht Motors Teppō [74]

Notes[edit]

  • This article refers to a common object and addresses the object as a common noun. The preferred term is "anti-missile system" (except on section titles & table headings, where "Anti-Missile System" is favored).

References[edit]

  1. 1.0 1.1 Second Succession War, p. 102: "Weapons and Equipment Extinction Table"
  2. 2.0 2.1 Total Warfare, pp. 129–120: "Anti-Missile System"
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 TechManual, p. 204: "Anti-Missile System"
  4. Rhonda's Irregulars, p. 32
  5. Technical Readout: 3055 Upgrade, p. 68
  6. Technical Readout: 3055 Upgrade, p. 20
  7. 7.0 7.1 Technical Readout: 3055 Upgrade, p. 56
  8. Technical Readout: 3058 Upgrade, p. 200
  9. Technical Readout: 3050 Upgrade, p. 206
  10. Technical Readout: 3050 Upgrade, p. 208
  11. 11.0 11.1 Technical Readout: 3050 Upgrade, p. 214
  12. Technical Readout: 3085, p. 40
  13. Technical Readout: 3150, p. 100
  14. 14.0 14.1 Recognition Guide: ilClan, vol. 23, p. 4
  15. Technical Readout: 3145 Draconis Combine, p. 28: "Produced Narukami Components"
  16. Technical Readout: 3145 Draconis Combine, p. 22: "Produced Mamono Components"
  17. Technical Readout: Prototypes, p. 66
  18. Technical Readout: 3050, p. 198
  19. Technical Readout: 3050 Revised, p. 170
  20. Objective Raids, p. 180
  21. Technical Readout: 3060, p. 62
  22. Technical Readout: Prototypes, p. 78
  23. Technical Readout: 3085, p. 54
  24. Technical Readout: 3050, pp. 59, 111
  25. Technical Readout: 3050, p. 59
  26. Technical Readout: 3050, pp. 146–147
  27. 27.0 27.1 Technical Readout: 3050, pp. 156–157
  28. Technical Readout: 3050, pp. 172–173
  29. Technical Readout: 3075, p. 82
  30. Technical Readout: 3058, p. 132
  31. Objective Raids, p. 136
  32. 32.0 32.1 Technical Readout: 3145, p. 94
  33. Technical Readout: Clan Invasion, p. 188
  34. Technical Readout: 3150, p. 68
  35. Technical Readout: 3150, p. 108
  36. 36.0 36.1 36.2 Technical Readout: 3058 Upgrade, p. 114
  37. Experimental Technical Readout: Republic, Volume 3, p. 13
  38. Technical Readout: 3058 Upgrade, p. 84
  39. Technical Readout: 3050 Upgrade, p. 10
  40. Rhonda's Irregulars, p. 32: "Type: SPT-N1 Spartan"
  41. Technical Readout: 3058 Upgrade, p. 220: "SPT-N2 Spartan"
  42. Technical Readout: 3055 Upgrade, p. 14
  43. Technical Readout: 3055 Upgrade, p. 76
  44. Technical Readout: 3055 Upgrade, p. 82
  45. Technical Readout: Irregulars, p. 12
  46. Technical Readout: Jihad, p. 72
  47. Technical Readout: 3058 Upgrade, p. 220
  48. Technical Readout: 3075, p. 170
  49. Technical Readout: Jihad, p. 148
  50. 50.0 50.1 50.2 Technical Readout: Succession Wars, p. 130
  51. Technical Readout: 3058, p. 96
  52. 52.0 52.1 Historical: Operation Klondike, p. 166
  53. Technical Readout: 3055 Upgrade, p. 44
  54. Technical Readout: 3085, p. 88
  55. Technical Readout: Golden Century, p. 34
  56. Technical Readout: 3055 Upgrade, p. 120
  57. Technical Readout: 3067, p. 112
  58. Technical Readout: 3085, p. 174
  59. Technical Readout: 3050, p. 64, "Falcon"
  60. Technical Readout: 3050 Upgrade, p. 24
  61. Technical Readout: 3050 Upgrade, p. 80
  62. Technical Readout: 3085, p. 46
  63. Technical Readout: 3050 Upgrade, p. 16
  64. Technical Readout: 3050 Upgrade, p. 14
  65. Technical Readout: 3050, p. 160
  66. Technical Readout: 3145, p. 76
  67. Technical Readout: 3067, p. 80
  68. Technical Readout: 3050, p. 192
  69. Objective Raids, p. 135
  70. Technical Readout: 3050, pp. 54–55
  71. 71.0 71.1 Technical Readout: 3050 Upgrade, p. 108
  72. Technical Readout: 3055 Upgrade, p. 32
  73. Technical Readout: 3055 Upgrade, p. 64
  74. Technical Readout: 3085 Supplemental, p. 20

Bibliography[edit]